Quakers in Swansea | Crynwyr yn Abertawe

A Brief History | Hanes Byr

1624 - George Fox born, Leicestershire.

1643-47 - Fox travels in search of religion.

1647 - Fox begins preaching.

1652 - Fox arrives in Kendal, meets Margaret Fell. Her home, Swarthmore Hall, becomes the centre of Quakerism.

1653 - Independent minister Morgan Llwyd of Wrexham sends his disciple John ap John to visit Fox. John is convinced and begins to spread Fox’s message in Wales.

1654 - Fox sends out Thomas Holme and Elizabeth Leavens to minister in Wales. They marry en route.

1655 - John ap John arrives in Swansea and is thrown into prison following an altercation with a priest in the parish church. While he is imprisoned, Thomas and Elizabeth Holme also reach Glamorgan.

1656 - Merchant William Bevan, ‘the first Swansea Quaker’, donates a plot of land stretching from the High Street to the Strand for a meeting house. Over the centuries, this plot will serve for a succession of four meeting houses and a burial ground. The 1st Swansea Quaker Meeting House is built, probably on the Strand.

1656-59 - Elizabeth Holme, John ap John and other Friends are repeatedly arrested and imprisoned in Swansea, ostensibly on grounds of public disturbance.

1657 - George Fox visits Swansea and finds a meeting established.

1660-88 - Period of deliberate religious persecution of Quakers.

1665 - Thomas and Elizabeth Holme both die as a result of their constant mistreatment.

1668 - Fox’s second visit to Swansea.

1689 - The Toleration Act effectively legalises Quaker worship. Although many meetings in Wales have been depleted by emigration to Pennsylvania, Swansea has been little affected.

18th century - Many Swansea Quakers are quite wealthy, and some are involved in the beginnings of industry in Swansea – copper smelting, exporting coal, building the Swansea Canal, etc. Some are disowned after business failures.

Late 18th century - British Quakerism is dominated by quietism; meetings (including Swansea) tend to decline.

Early 19th century - Entrepreneurs, many of them Quakers, flock to develop the Swansea/Neath area industrially.

1809 - The Second Meeting House: the old meeting house having now become inadequate, it is pulled down and replaced by a far more substantial building, able to seat perhaps 300, with one end on the Strand.

1817 - Joseph Tregelles Price of Neath Meeting founds the Peace Society in London, with a local branch which many Swansea and Neath Quakers join.

1850 - Swansea Meeting has dwindled, thanks in large part to Friends being disowned or forced to resign for marrying a non-member. It survives with help from Neath Friends.

1873 - The surroundings of the meeting house have become so heavily industrialised that most Quakers who move to Swansea avoid joining the meeting. The meeting house is sold (the building still survives) and construction of a new one is begun, towards the High Street end of the property.

1876 - 3rd Meeting House opens. It turns out to be seriously ill-designed.

1896/7 - Former Swansea Quaker Benjamin Elsmere arrives back in Swansea as a Home Missioner and sets about rebuilding the Meeting House and reviving Swansea Meeting.

June 1899 - 4th Meeting House opens, on the High Street, with a 5am outdoor prayer meeting. Membership is up to around a hundred, the meeting room (with a gallery) can seat 250, and there is another room for Bible classes. The Meeting is now at the extreme evangelical end of the Quaker spectrum.

1924 - Elsmere resigns from Quakers when the status of ‘recorded minister’ is abolished.

1945 - Elsmere dies and becomes the last person to be buried in Swansea Quaker burial ground.

1961 - The Meeting moves out of the High Street premises, where parking has become a problem, into temporary accommodation. Eventually Pagefield House in St Helens Road, a former secretarial college, is purchased, adapted, and opened as the 5th Swansea Meeting House. By now, the Meeting is right back in the mainstream of the British liberal Quaker tradition.

2006 - The Meeting marks 350 years of Quakers in Swansea by staging a specially commissioned play, Only the Truth by Peter Read.

2025 - Neath Local Meeting was laid down, and Swansea Meeting became Swansea Bay Local Meeting, as it now covers all of the Neath/Port Talbot area as well.  A history of Neath Quakers can be found here.

1624 - Ganwyd George Fox yn swydd Caerlŷr.

1643-47 - Teithia Fox gan chwilio am grefydd.

1647 - Dechreua Fox arni’n pregethu.

1652 - Cyrhaedda Fox yn Kendal gan gwrdd â Margaret Fell. Daw ei chartref, Neuadd Swarthmore, yn ganolfan i Grynwriaeth.

1653 - Anfona weinidog yr Annibynwyr, Morgan Llwyd o Wrecsam, ei ddisgybl John ap John i ymweld â Fox. Fe’i hargyhoeddir John a dechreua arni’n lledu neges Fox yng Nghymru.

1654 - Caiff Thomas Holme ac Elizabeth Leavens ei anfon allan gan Fox i weinidogaethu yng Nghymru. Priodan nhw ar eu ffordd.

1655 - Cyrhaedda John ap John yn Abertawe a chaiff ei daflu yn y carchar o ganlyniad ffrae gydag offeiriad yn eglwys y plwyf. Wrth iddo fod yn y carchar, cyrhaedda Thomas ac Elizabeth Holme yng Nghlamorgan hefyd.

1656 - Rhydd y masnachwr William Bevan, ‘Crynwr cyntaf Abertawe’, darn o dir a ymestynnodd o’r Stryd Fawr i’r Strand ar gyfer tŷ cwrdd. Dros y canrifoedd, bydd y darn hwn yn gartref i gyfres o bedwar tŷ cwrdd, a mynwent. Adeiladir y Tŷ Cwrdd Crynwyr Abertawe cyntaf, mwy na thebyg ar y Strand.

1656-59 - Caiff Elizabeth Holme, John ap John, a chyfeillion eraill ei arestio a’i garcharu yn Abertawe sawl gwaith, ymddengys ar sail terfysg cyhoeddus.

1657 - Ymwela George Fox ag Abertawe gan ddod o hyd i gwrdd sefydledig.

1660-88 - Cyfnod o erlid crefyddol bwriadol ar y Crynwyr

1665 - Marw Thomas ac Elizabeth Holme o ganlyniad eu camdriniaeth gyson.

1668 - Ail ymweliad Fox i Abertawe.

1689 - Daw addoli'r Crynwyr yn gyfreithlon i bob pwrpas oherwydd y Ddeddf Goddefiad. Er bod sawl cwrdd yng Nghymru wedi lleihau oherwydd allfudo i Bennsylvania, ni chaiff llawer o effaith ar Abertawe.

18fed canrif - Mae nifer o Grynwyr Abertawe yn weddol gyfoethog, a bydd rhai yn rhan o ddyddiau cynnar diwydiant yn Abertawe – copr, mwyndoddi, allforio glo, adeiladu camlas Abertawe ayyb. Diarddelir rhai ar ôl methiannau busnes.

18fed canrif hwyr - Daw tawelyddiaeth yn drech yng Nghrynwriaeth ym Mhrydain; tuedda cyrddau (gan gynnwys Abertawe) o leihau.

19eg canrif gynnar - Heidia mentrwyr, sawl un sy’n Grynwr, i Abertawe/Castell Nedd er mwyn datblygu’r ardal yn ddiwydiannol.

1809 - Yr ail Dŷ Cwrdd: ar ôl iddo ddod yn annigonol, dymchwelir yr hen dŷ cwrdd a daw adeilad llawer mwy sylweddol yn ei le, a all ddarparu 300 sedd o bosibl, gydag un pen ar y Strand.

1817 - Sefydla Joseph Tregelles Price o Gwrdd Castell Nedd y Gymdeithas Heddwch yn Llundain, gan sefydlu cangen leol a fydd yn derbyn sawl aelod o Grynwyr Abertawe a Chastell Nedd.

1850 - Mae Cwrdd Abertawe wedi teneuo, yn bennaf oherwydd diarddel neu ymddiswyddiad gorfodol Cyfeillion a briodon â rhywun heb aelodaeth. Goroesa’r cwrdd gyda help Cyfeillion Castell Nedd.

1873 - Diwydianneiddir yr ardal o amgylch y tŷ cwrdd ar radd helaeth gan achos mwyafrif o’r Crynwyr a symuda i Abertawe osgoi ymuno â’r Cwrdd. Gwerthir y tŷ cwrdd (er i’r adeilad dal i fod) a dechreuir arni’n adeiladu un newydd ger pen arall yr eiddo ar y Stryd Fawr.

1876 - Agora’r trydydd Tŷ Cwrdd. Daw i’r amlwg ei fod â dyluniad hynod wael.

1896/7 - Dychwela Cyn-grynwr Abertawe Benjamin Elsmere i Abertawe fel Cenhadwr Cartref a dechreua arni’n ail-adeiladu’r Tŷ Cwrdd ac adfywio Cwrdd Abertawe.

June 1899 - Egyr y pedwerydd Tŷ Cwrdd, ar y Stryd Fawr, gan gynnal cwrdd gweddi tu allan am 5yb. Mae aelodaeth wedi cyrraedd oddeutu cant, gall yr ystafell gwrdd (sydd â galeri) darparu 250 sedd, ac mae ystafell arall ar gyfer gwersi Beibl. Erbyn hyn, mae’r Cwrdd ar ben eithafol efengylaidd y sbectrwm Crynwriaeth.

1924 - Ymddiswydda Elsmere o’r Crynwyr ar ôl i statws ‘gweinidog dan gofnod’ cael ei ddiddymu.

1945 - Marw Elsmere ac ef bydd y person olaf a gleddir ym mynwent Crynwyr Abertawe.

1961 - Symuda’r Cwrdd allan o’i safle ar y Stryd Fawr, ym mhle mae trafferthion parcio, i lety dros dro. Cyn bo hir, prynir ac addasir Pagefield House ar St Helens Road, cyn-goleg ysgrifenyddol, gan ei agor fel pumed Tŷ Cwrdd Abertawe. Erbyn hyn, mae’r Cwrdd yn ôl ym mhrif ffrwd y traddodiad rhyddfrydol Crynwriaeth ym Mhrydain.

2006 - Noda’r Cwrdd 350 mlynedd o Grynwyr Abertawe trwy lwyfannu drama wedi’i gomisiynu’r arbennig, Dim Ond y Gwir gan Peter Read.

2025 - Gosodwyd Cwrdd Lleol Castell Nedd i lawr a daeth Cwrdd Abertawe yn Cwrdd Lleol Bae Abertawe gan ei fod yn cynnwys holl ardaloedd Castell Nedd a Phort Talbot hefyd. Gellir dod o hyd i hanes Crynwyr Castell Nedd yma (Saesneg yn unig).